January 7th, 2008
-P This option forces smbd not to send any network data out. This option is typically used only by Samba developers. -P This option forces smbd not to send any network data out. This option is typically used only by Samba developers. -p port_number This sets the TCP/IP port number that the server will accept requests from. Currently, all Microsoft clients send only to the default port: 139. -s configuration_file Specifies the location of the Samba configuration file. Although the file defaults to /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf, you can override it here on the command line, typically for debugging. nmbd The nmbd program is Samba s NetBIOS name and browsing daemon. It replies to broadcast NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT) name-service requests from SMB clients and optionally to Microsoft s Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) requests. Both of these are versions of the name-to-address lookup required by SMB clients. The broadcast version uses UDP/IP broadcast on the local subnet only, while WINS uses TCP/IP, which may be routed. If running as a WINS server, nmbd keeps a current name and address database in the file wins.dat in the samba_dir/var/locks directory. An active nmbd program can also respond to browsing protocol requests used by the Windows Network Neighborhood. Browsing is a combined advertising, service announcement, and active directory protocol. This protocol provides a dynamic directory of servers and the disks and printers that the servers are providing. As with WINS, this was initially done by making UDP/IP broadcasts on the local subnet. Now, with the concept of a local master browser, it is done by making TCP/IP connections to a server. If nmbd is acting as a local master browser, it stores the browsing database in the file browse.dat in the samba_dir/var/locks directory. Signals Like smbd, the nmbd program responds to several Unix signals. Sending nmbd a SIGHUP signal will cause it to dump the names it knows about to the file namelist.debug in the samba_dir /locks directory and its browsing database to the browse.dat file in the same directory. To shut down a nmbd process send it a SIGTERM (-15) signal instead of a SIGKILL (-9) to allow it to die gracefully. You can increment the debug logging level of nmbd by sending it a SIGUSR1 signal; you can decrement it by sending a SIGUSR2 signal. 417
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Command-line options -D The smbd program is run as a daemon. This is the recommended way to use smbd (it is also the default action). In addition, smbd can also be run from inetd. -d debuglevel Sets the debug (sometimes called logging) level. The level can range from 0 all the way to 10. Specifying the value on the command line overrides the value specified in the smb.conf file. Debug level 0 logs only the most important messages; level 1 is normal; levels 3 and above are primarily for debugging and slow smbd considerably. -h Prints command-line usage information for the smbd program. Testing/debugging options -a If this is specified, each new connection to the Samba server will append all logging messages to the log file. This option is the opposite of -o, and is the default. -i scope This sets a NetBIOS scope identifier. Only machines with the same identifier will communicate with the server. The scope identifier was a predecessor to workgroups, and this option is included only for backwards compatibility. -l log_file Send the log messages to somewhere other than the location compiled in or specified in the smb.conf file. The default is often /usr/local/samba/var/log.smb, /usr/samba/var/log.smb, or /var/log/log.smb. The first two are strongly discouraged on Linux, where /usr may be a read-only filesystem. -O socket_options This sets the TCP/IP socket options, using the same parameters as the socket options configuration option. It is often used for performance tuning and testing. -o This option is the opposite of -a. It causes log files to be overwritten when opened. Using this option saves hunting for the right log entries if you are performing a series of tests and inspecting the log file each time. 416
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Using Samba Robert Eckstein, David Collier-Brown, Peter Kelly 1st Edition November 1999 1-56592-449-5, Order Number: 4495 416 pages, $34.95 Buy the hardcopy Table of Contents Appendix D Appendix D Summary of Samba Daemons and Commands This appendix is a reference listing of command-line options and other information to help you use the executables that come with Samba distribution. Samba Distribution Programs The following sections provide information about the command-line parameters for Samba programs. smbd The smbd program provides Samba s file and printer services, using one TCP/IP stream and one daemon per client. It is controlled from the default configuration file, samba_dir/lib/smb.conf, and can be overridden by command-line options. The configuration file is automatically re-evaluated every minute. If it has changed, most new options are immediately effective. You can force Samba to immediately reload the configuration file if you send a SIGHUP to smbd . Reloading the configuration file, however, will not affect any clients that are already connected. To escape this “grandfather” configuration, a client would need to disconnect and reconnect, or the server itself would have to be restarted, forcing all clients to reconnect. Other signals To shut down a smbd process, send it the termination signal SIGTERM (-15) which allows it to die gracefully instead of a SIGKILL (-9). To increment the debug logging level of smbd at runtime, send the program a SIGUSR1 signal. To decrement it at runtime, send the program a SIGUSR2 signal. 415
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B.3 Sizing Samba Servers D. Summary of Samba Daemons and Commands O Reilly Home | O Reilly Bookstores | How to Order | O Reilly Contacts International | About O Reilly | Affiliated Companies 1999, O Reilly & Associates, Inc. 414
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Configuration File Variables Table C.1 lists of Samba configuration file variables. Table C.1: Variables in Alphabetic Order Name Meaning %a Client s architecture (one of Samba, WfWg, WinNT, Win95, or UNKNOWN) %d Current server process s processID %f Print-spool file as a relative path (printing only) %f User from which a message was sent (messages only) %G Primary group name of %U(requested username) %g Primary group name of %u (actual username) %H Home directory of %u (actual username) %h Samba server s (Internet) hostname %I Client s IP address %j Print job number (printing only) %L Samba server s NetBIOS name (virtual servers have multiple names) %M Client s (Internet) hostname %m Client s NetBIOS name %n New password (password change only) %N Name of the NIS home directory server (without NIS, same as %L) %o Old password (password change only) %P Current share s root directory (actual) %p Current share s root directory (in an NIS homedir map) %p Print filename (printing only) %R Protocol level in use (one of CORE, COREPLUS, LANMAN1, LANMAN2, or NT1) %S Current share s name %s Filename the message is in (messages only) %s Print-spool file name (printing only) %T Current date and time %t Destination machine (messages only) %u Current share s username %U Requested username for current share %v Samba version 413
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A space-separated list of IP addresses in ###.###.###.### format. Comma-separated list A list of items separated by commas. Command A Unix command, with full path and parameters. Host list A space-separated list of hosts. Allows IP addresses, address masks, domain names, ALL, and EXCEPT Interface list A space-separated list of interfaces, in either address/netmask or address/n-bits format. For example, 192.168.2.10/24 or 192.168.2.10/255.255.255.0 Map list A space-separated list of file-remapping strings such as (*.html*.htm). Remote list A space-separated list of subnet-broadcast-address/workgroup pairs. For example, 192.168.2.255/SERVERS 192.168.4.255/STAFF. Service (share) list A space-separated list of share names, without the enclosing square brackets. Slash-list A list of filenames, separated by “/” characters to allow embedded spaces. For example, /.*/fredflintstone/*.frk/. Text One line of text. User list A space-separated list of usernames. In Samba 1.9, @group-namewill include everyone in Unix group group-name. In Samba 2.0, @group-nameincludes whomever is in the NIS netgroup group_nameif one exists, otherwise whomever is in the Unix group group_name. In addition, +group_name is a Unix group, &group_nameis an NIS netgroup, and &+ and +& cause an ordered search of both Unix and NIS groups. 412
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[global] utmp directory = string Default: NULL Allowable values: pathname This is available if Samba has been configured with the option –with-utmp. If it and utmp are set, Samba will look in the specified directory insteqad of the default system directory for utmp/utmpx files. New in 2.0.7, also called utmp dir. write cache size = decimal number Default: 0 (Disabled) Allowable values: decimal number of bytes Sets the size of a write buffer that Samba uses to pre-accumulate write into, so as to write with a particular size that s optimal for a given filesystem. Typically this is used with RAID drives, which have a preferred write size, systems with large memory and slow disks, etc. As of Samba 2.0.7, this applies to the first 10 oplocked files, which are also found in shares where this option is set. write ok = boolean Default: YES Allowable values: YES, NO Synonym of the writable configuration option. [global] write raw = boolean Default: YES Allowable values: YES, NO Allows fast streaming writes over TCP, using 64KB buffers. Recommended. Glossary of Configuration Values Address list 411
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user = comma-separated list Default: NULL Allowable values: comma-separated list of user names Synonym for username. username = comma-separated list Default: NULL Allowable values: comma-separated list of user names Sets a list of users to try to log in as for a share or shares with share-level security. Synonyms are userand users. Discouraged. Use NET USE \\server\share %user from the client instead. username level = number Default: 0 Allowable values: number Number of uppercase letter permutations allowed to match Unix usernames. Workaround for Windows feature (single-case usernames). Use is discouraged. [global] username map = pathname Default: NULL Allowable values: pathname Names a file of Unix-to-Windows name pairs; used to map different spellings of account names and those Windows usernames longer than eight characters. [global] utmp = boolean Default: NO Allowable values: YES, NO This is available if Samba has been configured with the option –with-utmp. If set, Samba will add utmp/utmpx records whenever a connection is made to a Samba server. New in 2.0.7, sites may use this to record the user connecting to a Samba share. 410
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Default: 0 Allowable values: minutes Sets number of minutes to add to system time zone calculation. Provided to fix a client daylight-savings bug; not recommended. [global] time server = boolean Default: NO Allowable values: YES, NO If YES, nmbd will provide time service to its clients. unix password sync = boolean Default: NO Allowable values: YES, NO If set, will attempt to change the user s Unix password whenever the user changes his or her SMB password. Used to ease synchronization of Unix and Microsoft password databases. Added in Samba 1.9.18p4. See also passwd chat. unix realname = boolean Default: NO Allowable values: YES, NO If set, will provide the GCOS field of /etc/passwd to the client as the user s full name. update encrypted = boolean Default: NO Allowable values: YES, NO Updates the Microsoft-format password file when a user logs in with unencrypted passwords. Provided to ease conversion to encryped passwords for Windows 95/98 and NT. Added in Samba 1.9.18p5. 409
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Default: NO Allowable values: YES, NO If set to YES, Samba checks locks on every access, not just on demand and at open time. Not recommended. [global] strip dot = boolean Default: NO Allowable values: YES, NO Removes trailing dots from filenames. Use mangled mapinstead. [global] syslog = number Default: 1 Allowable values: number Sets number of Samba log messages to send to syslog. Higher is more verbose. The syslog.conf file must have suitable logging enabled. [global] syslog only = boolean Default: NO Allowable values: YES, NO If set to YES, log only to syslog, not standard Samba log files. sync always = boolean Default: NO Allowable values: YES, NO If set to YES, Samba calls fsync(3) after every write. Avoid except for debugging crashing servers. [global] time offset = minutes 408
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