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-E Sends all messages to stderr instead of stdout. -I IP_address Sets the IP address of the server to which it connects. -i scope This sets a NetBIOS scope identifier. Only machines with the same identifier will communicate with the server. The scope identifier was a predecessor to workgroups, and this option is included only for backward compatibility. -l log_file Sends the log messages to the specified file. -N Suppresses the password prompt. Unless a password is specified on the command line or this parameter is specified, the client will prompt for a password. -n NetBIOS_name This option allows you to override the NetBIOS name by which the daemon will advertise itself. -O socket_options Sets the TCP/IP socket options using the same parameters as the socket options configuration option. It is often used for performance tuning and testing. -p port_number Sets the port number from which the client will accept requests. -R resolve_order Sets the resolve order of the name servers. This option is similar to the resolve order configuration option, and can take any of the four parameters, lmhosts, host, wins, and bcast, in any order. -s configuration_file Specifies the location of the Samba configuration file. Used for debugging. -t terminal_code Sets the terminal code for Asian languages. -U username Sets the username and optionally password (e.g., -U fred%secret). 427
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a Resets archive bits once files are saved. b size Sets blocksize in 512-byte units. g Backs up only files with the archive bit set. I file Includes files and directories (this is the default). Does not do pattern-matching. N filename Backs up only those files newer than filename. q Does not produce diagnostics. X file Excludes files. Command-line query program If smbclient is run as: smbclient -L server_name it will list the shares and other services that machine provides. This is handy if you don t have smbwrappers. It can also be helpful as a testing program in its own right. Command-line debugging /diagnostic program options Any of the various modes of operation of smbclient can be used with the debugging and testing command-line options: -B IP_addr Sets the broadcast address. -d debug_level Sets the debug (sometimes called logging) level. The level can range from 0 all the way to 10. In addition, you can specify A for all debugging options. Debug level 0 logs only the most important messages; level 1 is normal; level 3 and above are primarily for debugging and slow operations considerably. 426
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smbclient Tar Commands Command Description tar c|x[IXbgNa] Performs a creation or extraction tar similar to the command-line program. operands blocksize size Sets the block size to be used by tar, in 512-byte blocks. Makes tar pay attention to DOS archive bit for all following commands. In tarmode full|inc|reset| noreset full mode (the default), tar will back up everything. In inc (incremental) mode, tar will back up only those files with the archive bit set. In reset mode, tar will reset the archive bit on all files it backs up (this requires the share to be writable), and in noreset mode the archive bit will not be reset even after the file has been backed up. Command-line message program options -M NetBIOS_machine_name This option allows you to send immediate messages using the WinPopup protocol to another computer. Once a connection is established, you can type your message, pressing control-D to end. If WinPopup is not running on the receiving machine, the program returns an error. -U user This option allows you to indirectly control the FROM part of the message. Command-line tar program options The -T (tar), -D (starting directory), and -c (command) options are used together to tar up files interactively. This is better done with smbtar, which will be discussed shortly. We don t recommend using smbclient directly as a tar program. -D initial_directory Changes to initial directory before starting. -c command_string Passes a command string to the smbclient command interpreter, which treats it as a semicolon-separated list of commands to be executed. This is handy to say things such as tarmode inc, for example, which forces smbclient -T to back up only files with the archive bit set. -T command filename Runs the tar driver, which is gtar compatible. The two main commands are: c (create) and x (extract), which may be followed by any of: 425
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quit Exits smbclient. There are also mask and recursive commands for large copies; see the smbclient manual page for details on how to use these. With the exception of mask, recursive, and the lack of an ASCII transfer mode, smbclient works exactly the same as FTP. Note that because it does binary transfers, Windows files copied to Unix will have lines ending in carriage-return and linefeed (\r\n), not Unix s linefeed (\n). Printing commands The smbclient program can also be used for access to a printer by connecting to a print share. Once connected, the commands shown below can be used to print. smbclient Printing Commands Command Description print filename Prints the file by copying it from the local machine to the remote one and then submitting it as a print job there. printmode text | graphics Instructs the server that the following files will be plain text (ASCII) or the binary graphics format that the printer requires. It s up to the user to ensure that the file is indeed the right kind. queue Displays the queue for the print share you re connected to, showing job ID, name, size, and status. Finally, to print from the smbclient, use the -c option: cat printfile | smbclient //server /printer_name -c “print -” Tar commands smbclient can tar up files from a file share. This is normally done from the command line using the smbtar command, but the commands shown below are also available interactively. 424
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Command ? command help [command] ! [command] dir [filename] ls [filename] cd [directory] lcd [directory] get remotefile [localfile] put localfile [remotefile] mget pattern mput pattern prompt lowercase ON (or OFF) del filename md directory mkdir directory rd directory rmdir directory setmode filename [+|-]rsha exit smbclient Commands Description Provides list of commands or help on specified command. Provides list of commands or help on specified command. If a command is specified, it will be run in a local shell. If not, you will be placed into a local shell on the client. Displays any files matching filename in the current directory on the server, or all files if filename is omitted. Displays any files matching filename in the current directory on the server, or all files if filename is omitted. If directory is specified, changes to the specified directory on the remote server. If not, reports the current directory on the remote machine. If directory is specified, the current directory on the local machine will be changed. If not, the name of the current directory on the local machine will be reported. Copies the file remotefile to the local machine. If a localfile is specified, uses that name to copy the file to. Treats the file as binary; does not do LF to CR/LF conversions. Copies localfile to the remote machine. If a remotefile is specified, uses that as the name to copy to on the remote server. Treats the file as binary; does not do LF to CR/LF conversions. Gets all files matching pattern from the remote machine. Places all local files matching pattern on the remote machine. Toggles interactive prompting on and off for mget and mput. If lowercase is on, smbclient will convert filenames to lowercase during an mget or get (but not a mput or put). Delete a file on the remote machine. Create a directory on the remote machine. Create a directory on the remote machine. Remove the specified directory on the remote machine. Remove the specified directory on the remote machine. Set DOS filesystem attribute bits, using Unix-like modes. r is read-only, s is system, h is hidden, and a is archive. Exits smbclient. 423
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Smbclient operations Running smbclient//server_name/share will cause it to prompt you for a username and password. If the login is successful, it will connect to the share and give you a prompt much like an FTP prompt (the backslash in the prompt will be replaced by the current directory within the share as you move around the filesystem): smb:\> From this command line, you can use several FTP-like commands, as listed below. Arguments in square brackets are optional. 422
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-U user Supports user%password. -W workgroup Sets the NetBIOS workgroup to which the client will connect. smbclient The smbclient program is the maid-of-all-work of the Samba suite. Initially intended as a testing tool, it has become a full command-line Unix client, with an FTP-like interactive client. Some of its options are still used for testing and tuning, and it makes a simple tool for ensuring that Samba is running on a server. It s convenient to look at smbclient as a suite of programs: FTP-like interactive file transfer program Interactive printing program Interactive tar program Command-line message program Command-line tar program (but see smbtar later) “What services do you have” query program Command-line debugging program General command-line options The program has the usual set of smbd -like options, which apply to all the interactive and command-line use. The syntax is: smbclient //server_name /share_name [password ] [-options ] Here is an explanation of each of the command-line options: -d debug_level Sets the debug (logging) level, from 0 to 10, with A for all. Overrides the value in smb.conf. Debug level 0 logs only the most important messages; level 1 is normal; debug level 3 and above are for debugging, and slow smbclient considerably. -h Prints the command-line help information (usage) for smbclient. -n NetBIOS_name Allows you to override the NetBIOS name by which the program will advertise itself. 421
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x= $PS | grep -v grep | grep $SAMBA_DIR/bin if [ ! “$x” ]; then echo “No samba processes running” else echo ” PID TT STAT TIME COMMAND” echo “$x” fi ;; restart ) /etc/rc2.d/S91samba stop /etc/rc2.d/S91samba start /etc/rc2.d/S91samba status ;; *) echo “$0: Usage error — you must say $0 start, stop, status or restart.” ;; esac exit You ll need to set the actual paths and ps options to suit the machine you re using. In addition, you might want to add additional commands to tell Samba to reload its smb.conf file or dump its nmbd tables, depending on your actual needs. smbsh The smbsh program lets you use a remote Windows share on your Samba server as if the share was a regular Unix directory. When it s run, it provides an extra directory tree under /smb. Subdirectories of /smb are servers, and subdirectories of the servers are their individual disk and printer shares. Commands run by smbsh treat the /smb filesystem as if it were local to Unix. This means that you don t need smbmount in your kernel to mount Windows filesystems the way you mount with NFS filesystems. However, you do need to configure Samba with the –with-smbwrappers option to enable smbsh. Options -d debuglevel Sets the debug (sometimes called logging) level. The level can range from 0, the default, all the way to 10. Debug level 0 logs only the most important messages; level 1 is normal; level 3 and above are primarily for debugging, and slow smbsh considerably. -l logfile Sets the name of the logfile to use. -P prefix Sets the root directory to mount the SMB filesystem. The default is /smb. -R resolve order Sets the resolve order of the name servers. This option is similar to the resolve order configuration option, and can take any of the four parameters, lmhosts, host, wins, and bcast, in any order. 420
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-o This option is the opposite of -a . It causes log files to be overwritten when opened. Using this option saves hunting for the right log entries if you are performing a series of tests and inspecting the log file each time. -p port_number This sets the UDP/IP port number from which the server will accept requests. Currently, all Microsoft clients send only to the default port: 137. -s configuration_file Specifies the location of the Samba configuration file. Although the file defaults to /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf, you can override it here on the command line, typically for debugging. This option prints the current version of Samba. Samba Startup File Samba is normally started by running it from your Unix system s rc files at boot time. For systems with a System V-like set of /etc/rcN.d directories, this can be done by placing a suitably named script in the /rc directory. Usually, the script starting Samba is called S91samba , while the script stopping or “killing” Samba is called K91samba. On Linux, the usual subdirectory for the scripts is /etc/rc2.d. On Solaris, the directory is /etc/rc3.d . For machines with /etc/rc.local files, you would normally add the following lines to that file: /usr/local/samba/bin/smbd -D /usr/local/samba/bin/nmbd -D The following example script supports two extra commands, status and restart, in addition to the normal start and stop for System V machines: #!/bin/sh # # /etc/rc2.d./S91Samba –manage the SMB server in a System V manner # OPTS=”-D” #DEBUG=-d3 PS=”ps ax” SAMBA_DIR=/usr/local/samba case “$1″ in start ) echo “samba ” $SAMBA_DIR/bin/smbd $OPTS $DEBUG $SAMBA_DIR/bin/nmbd $OPTS $DEBUG ;; stop ) echo “Stopping samba” $PS | awk /usr.local.samba.bin/ { print $1} |\ xargs kill ;; status ) 419
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Command-line options -D Instructs the nmbd program to run as a daemon. This is the recommended way to use nmbd. In addition, nmbd can also be run from inetd. -d debuglevel Sets the debug (sometimes called logging) level. The level can range from 0, all the way to 10. Specifying the value on the command line overrides the value specified in the smb.conf file. Debug level 0 logs only the most important messages; level 1 is normal; level 3 and above are primarily for debugging, and slow nmbd considerably. -h Prints command-line usage information for the nmbd program (also -?). Testing/debugging options -a If this is specified, each new connection to the Samba server will append all logging messages to the log file. This option is the opposite of -o, and is the default. -H hosts_ file This option loads a standard hosts file for name resolution. -i scope This sets a NetBIOS scope identifier. Only machines with the same identifier will communicate with the server. The scope identifier was a predecessor to workgroups, and this option is included only for backward compatibility. -l log_file Sends the log messages to somewhere other than the location compiled-in or specified in the smb.conf file. The default is often /usr/local/samba/var/log.nmb, /usr/samba/var/log.nmb, or /var/log/log.nmb. The first two are strongly discouraged on Linux, where /usr may be a read-only filesystem. -n NetBIOS_name This option allows you to override the NetBIOS name by which the daemon will advertise itself. Specifying the option on the command line overrides the netbios name option in the Samba configuration file. -O socket_options This sets the TCP/IP socket options, using the same parameters as the socket options configuration option. It is often used for performance tuning and testing. 418
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